Knee anatomy overview
The knee is a hinge-like joint made up of various muscles, ligaments, cartilage, and tendons.
The four major ligaments in the knee are:
- The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
- The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
- The medial collateral ligament (MCL)
- The lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
These four ligaments act collectively to support and stabilize the knee throughout its range of motion.
The quadriceps and hamstring muscles are responsible for extending and bending the knee.
The meniscus cartilages and articular cartilage are located inside the knee joint, between the thighbone (femur) and the shinbone (tibia). They act to cushion the knee and prevent the opposing bones from coming into contact with one another.
What are the symptoms of a knee injury?
Symptoms of a knee injury include:
- Pain and swelling
- Instability in the joint
- Painful clicking and/or popping
- Stiffness and loss of motion
How are knee injuries diagnosed?
The diagnostic process starts by talking with you about your symptoms and conducting a detailed physical examination. Diagnostic imaging, including X-rays and MRI scans, can be useful for a diagnosis as well.
What are the treatment options for knee injuries?
Ice
Placing a bag of ice directly on the knee for 20 minutes prevents swelling and inflammation from occurring inside the knee.
Anti-inflammatory medicines
Over-the-counter medications such as Aleve, Advil, Motrin, and aspirin can help reduce swelling and pain.
Injections
In the specialist’s office, medication is injected directly into the joint. Injections can provide lasting relief of pain and swelling.
Physical therapy
A therapist can work with you to first control your pain and inflammation. They then will help you regain your strength and range of motion.
Wellness
Start with a free wellness consultation to explore your goals and what tools are available to you.
Integrated physical therapy and wellness
Our team of physical therapists, performance specialists, and registered dietitians works collaboratively with you to design an integrated rehabilitation plan that will help you reach your full potential.
Surgery
If you fail to improve after nonsurgical care, your specialist may wish to intervene surgically. Your specialist can discuss the details of the surgery with you should it become necessary.
